Mountain biking trail grades
Mountain biking trail grades navigation
Find the right grade for your abilities
Check the website before visiting to stay up to date with the latest changes.
Mountain bike trail grade system
Green: easy
What to expect
Relatively flat, wide, and smooth trails.
Gentle climbs, descents, rollers and berms, with easy to avoid features such as rocks and potholes. Surface might be loose, uneven or muddy at times.
Blue: moderate
What to expect
A mixture of climbs and descents with moderate gradients, technical features like tree roots and rock steps; jumps and berms.
Rollable features at controlled speed. Variable surfaces.
Red: difficult
What to expect
A mixture of steep climbs, descents and / or avoidable features. Larger jumps, berms and rollable features at controlled speed.
Technical features such as tree roots, drop-offs and large rocks. Very variable surfaces.
Black: severe
What to expect
Long and steep climbs, descents, and jumps. Numerous hazards including drop-offs and severe features.
Rapid rate of surface change. Commitment required.
Double-black: extreme
What to expect
Very fast and steep descents. Large drop-offs, jumps and unavoidable obstacles that require high levels of skill and commitment.
Extreme level of exposure or risk. Rapid rate of surface change.
Forest road and tracks
What to expect
Gradients can be steep or variable. Surfaces may be uneven, loose or potholed. Navigation skills are useful (routes not always waymarked).
Look out for other users, vehicles and forestry work.
Mountain biking glossary
If you're new to mountain biking some of the jargon might be a bit confusing. We've provided explanations of a few of the more common words you might hear below.
Singletrack
A trail type that is usually purpose-built for mountain bikes and is wide enough for one bike to ride along at a time. These are often located in amongst trees. Singletrack trails are ridden in one direction only for safety reasons, and can be climbs, descents or a combination.
Forest road
A mountain bike trail will usually feature sections of singletrack connected by forest road. These are general-use gravel roads, shared by mountain bikers, cyclists, walkers and forestry traffic.
Cross-country
This type of trail will usually be a circuit combining singletrack and forest roads. Often written as ‘XC’, the focus of this type of riding is
Downhill
Also written as ‘DH’, these are steep, fast and technical tracks, black-graded and always only ridden downwards. These are often ridden with a specialist bike and are not suitable for bikes with no suspension or front-only suspension. Downhill tracks are ridden top-to-bottom, with riders either pushing back to the top of the track, riding up a forest road, or using an ‘uplift service’ where bikes and riders are loaded on a vehicle and trailer to get a lift back up.
Berm
A banked corner designed to make cornering easier at speed. A trail can be described as ‘bermy’ if it has many of these, and can feel like a fun roller coaster.
Bomb-hole
A large crater-style hole, that gives you enough speed on the slope down to maintain momentum for the ascent back out.
B-line
An alternative small section of trail, usually designed to allow riders to avoid a technical feature.
Rock garden
A section of trail with uneven rocks and stones. This can be specifically constructed or use a section of natural rocky ground.
Double
Sometimes also called ‘camel bumps’, these are two jumps or rollers placed one after the other. Skilled riders can jump off the top of the first jump, and land on the downward slope of the second jump.
Drop off
A steep, sudden drop in the trail, often a vertical drop down the side of a rock. These vary in side, and can require technical skill to ride.
North Shore
Raised timber trail across loose, boggy or wet ground. Named after the ‘North Shore’ of Vancouver, Canada, where this type of trail originated.
Off-camber
The opposite feature to a berm, where the slope of the trail hinders cornering at speed.
Switchback
Where the trail turns tightly on a singletrack climb and doubles back on itself. Also known as a hairpin.
See-saw
Just like in a play-park, but for bikes. Ride on, go slow in the middle to allow the see-saw to drop gently, then ride off.
Skinny
A wooden beam, usually around 15cm wide, raised off the ground.
Step-down
A less severe version of a drop-off, with a step on a descending trail.
Step-up
A step on a climbing trail which requires you to lift your front wheel first, quickly followed by the back whee.
Table-top
A ramped section of trail leading to a raised plateau with a ramp down the other side.
Staying safe
Off-road cycling is a hazardous activity carrying some inherent risks. Please consider your skills, abilities and fitness carefully.
Always make sure your bike and helmet are safe to use. Follow all signage, cycle safely, enjoy yourself and return soon.
Help us take care of the forest by following the Scottish Outdoor Access Code